Middle Ages Regents Practice Exam 2025 - Free Regents Practice Questions and Study Guide

The development of the dome in architecture is a notable achievement of the Byzantine Empire, particularly exemplified by the iconic Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. This architectural innovation allowed for the creation of vast, open interior spaces and was made possible through advances in engineering techniques and materials. The use of pendentives, triangular sections that support the dome, enabled the dome to be placed over a square base, which was a significant achievement at the time. The intricate mosaics and large windows that adorned these domed structures further enhanced their beauty and allowed light to flood the interiors, contributing to a unique spiritual atmosphere that defined Byzantine architecture.

In contrast, the construction of the Great Wall is primarily associated with China, while the building of large Gothic cathedrals occurred later in Western Europe, influenced by different styles and structural techniques. The introduction of metal armor, while significant in the context of warfare, does not pertain to architectural achievements. Thus, the skilled development of dome construction stands out as a hallmark of Byzantine architectural innovation.